BAR-ILAN INSTITUTE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY & ADVANCED MATERIALS | 2019 ANNUAL REPORT

48 Figure 1: show the calculated energy density of different secondary battery systems. Figure2: show the gravimetric capacity of different candidate materials for rechargeable systems. Figure 3: show the electrochemical response schemes of a Mg rechargeable battery composed of a Chevrel-phase Mo 6 S 8 cathode, a Mg metal anode, and an electrolyte solution based on dichloro complex (DCC)/tetrahydrofuran. This system is the first Mg prototype system which was developed in our group and started in fact the field. Abstract Topic 6 Developing novel electroanalytical tools for operando studies of electrodes: studying in parallel electrochemistry, morphology, mechanic stability and viscoelastic properties. Batteries and super capacitors are considered to be the most important electrochemical energy storage devices. An ideal system should deliver and store enough energy for thousands of charging discharging cycles. However, the occurrence of parasitic reactions during energy-storage electrodes charging and discharging significantly deteriorates their cycling performance. To eliminate these undesirable processes, a deep understanding of the degradation mechanisms is required. In recent years we are developing a new analytical tools for the real time monitoring of mechanical and morphological changes in the electrodes for batteries and super capacitors applications. This method, called EQCM-D (electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring) is a surface acoustic wave- based technique, which enables direct tracking of complex processes occurring during the electrodes operation. Our approach provides a unique insight into the mechanical and morphological characteristics of the electrodes which cannot be easily assessed using classical (conventional) techniques. Abstract Topic 7 Water treatment - from nano-porous carbon to nano-membranes. CNM (Carbon Nano Membranes) are freestanding self-assembly carbon sheets with 1-3 nanometer thickness and pore diameter in the range of 0.3-1 nanometer. The membranes’ structure and properties meet the criteria of nano-filltration processes. These membranes exhibit permeation fluxes as high as three order of magnitude higher than traditional nano- filtration membranes. We seek for various application with CNM such as chlor-alkali industry, electro- dialysis, diffusion dialysis of spent acidic waste, etc. 1. 2. 3. This research is in collaboration with the Max Planck institute and Bielefeld University (Germany). Another research topic is the Development of novel carbonaceous electrode materials (Xerogels, mesoporous carbon) together with thin, fast transport, ion exchange membranes for salt-water deionization. This research is in collaboration with Beihang University (China) Publications 2018 and 2019 • Fyodor Malchik, Netanel Shpigel, Mikhael D. Levi, Tyler S. Mathis, Albert Mor, Yury Gogotsi and Doron Aurbach, “Superfast high-energy storage hybrid device composed of MXene and Chevrel-phase electrodes operated in saturated LiCl electrolyte solution”, J. Mater. Chem. A, 7, 19761-19773, 2019 . • Shaul Bublil, Tali Sharabani, Meital Turgeman, Judith Grinblat, Yuval Elias, Malachi Noked, Miryam Fayena Greenstein and Doron Aurbach, “Improving Amorphous Carbon Anodes for Na Ion Batteries by Surface Treatment of a Presodiated Electrode with Al 2 O 3 ”, Langmuir, 35, 36, 11670-11678, 2019 . • Ran Attias, Michael Salama, Reeta Pant, Yossef Gofer and Doron Aurbach, “Modulation, Characterization, and Engineering of Advanced Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage Applications: MoO 3 /V 2 O 5 Bilayer Model System”, J. Phys. Chem. C, 123, 27, 16577- 16587, 2019 . • Ran Attias, Michael Salama, Baruch Hirsch, Yosef Goffer and Doron Aurbach, “Anode-Electrolyte Interfaces in Secondary Magnesium Batteries”, Joule Volume 3, Issue 1, Pages 27-52, 2019 . • Netanel Shpigel, Sergey Sigalov, Fyodor Malchik, Mikhael D. Levi, Olga Girshevitz, Rafail L. Khalfin & Doron Aurbach, “Quantification of porosity in extensively nanoporous thin films in contact with gases and liquids”, Nature Communications 10, 4394, 2019 .