92 · Nina Armon, Ehud Greenberg, Eitan Edri, Ornit Nagler-Avramovitz, Yuval Elias, Hagay Shpaisman. “Laser-Based Printing: From Liquids to Microstructures”. Advanced Functional Materials 31 (13), 2008547, 2021. Prof. Shwartz Sharon Department of Physics Member of BINA Photonics Center Research Areas • Demonstration of an X-ray Autocorrelator • Imaging of chemical bonds in solids, quantum imaging with x-rays • Second Harmonic Generation at X-ray wavelength, X-ray Parametric down Conversion • Generation of X-ray Bi-photons Abstract Nonlinear X-ray Optics In the past few decades, the fields of nonlinear and quantum optics at visible and infrared wavelengths have grown rapidly. Nonlinear optical techniques have been applied to many diverse disciplines ranging from atomic, molecular, and solid state physics and materials science, to chemical dynamics, biophysics, medicine, and even neuro-science, where brain activity is studied through two- photon microscopy. The field of quantum optics has provided important insights into numerous quantum phenomena, and the demonstration of effects such as entanglement and squeezed light has led to the observations of remarkable results. However, ordinary nonlinear optics processes, taken into the x-ray regime, are known to be very weak, while available x-ray sources suffer from insufficient brightness. Recent and expected improvements in brightness and beam quality of x-ray sources, together with new facilities such as the x-ray freeelectron laser (FEL), do offer the possibility of extending the concepts of nonlinear and quantum optics into x-ray energies. The new facilities with their increased power allow the observation of new x-ray nonlinear and quantum effects. Our group uses these advanced technologies to study new effects at x-ray wavelengths. A major part of our research is aimed at fundamental science with the focus on the demonstration and study novel nonlinear and quantum processes at x-ray wavelengths. This is a new system offering possibilities of better for testing of universal concepts of quantum and nonlinear physics. Another significant portion of our research is aimed at the development of new imaging and inspection techniques based on quantum and nonlinear phenomena. It is expected that these techniques will offer the ability to image and inspect phenomena and small objects on the atomic scale resolution. Publications 2021 and 2022 · Yishay Klein, Or Sefi, Hila Schwartz, Sharon Shwartz. “Chemical element mapping by x-ray computational ghost fluorescence”. Optica, 2022. · S Sofer, O Sefi, AGA Nisbet, S Shwartz. “Measurements of polarization dependencies in parametric downconversion of x rays into ultraviolet radiation”. Physical Review B, 2021. Prof. Sloutskin Eli Department of Physics Member of BINA Nano & Advanced Materials Center Research Areas • Experimental studies of phase transitions in colloids. • Quantitative real-time 3D confocal microscopy, holographic optical tweezing, and light scattering. • Crystal nucleation. • Non-crystalline solids: structural measurements to reveal the physics of glass formation. • Interfacial phenomena in colloidal and molecular systems. Abstract Experimental Soft Condensed Matter Physics Our team studies the physics of soft matter, such as emulsions and colloidal suspensions. Despite the prevalence of these materials in everyday life, a fundamental physical understanding of their properties is still lacking. To study these materials, we employ cutting-edge light and electron microscopy methods, optical tweezers’ manipulation, and light scattering. Currently, we mainly focus on a unique and counterintuitive phenomenon, discovered by our team a few years ago: a spontaneous, temperature-controlled sphere-to-polyhedron shape transition of emulsion droplets, the bulk of which remains liquid. The mechanism of this new phenomenon plays an important role in a wide range of chemical and biological systems, and enables the formation of faceted building blocks in a wide range of sizes, from nanometers to millimeters, of high promise for future materials. Furthermore, we have recently demonstrated that the shape-controlling mechanism allows the liquid droplets to be decorated by precisely positioned active groups, highly-promising for a wide range of applications in material engineering, nanomedicine, and beyond. With that, the fundamental understanding of nanoscale interfacial elasticity, which is responsible for the studied phenomena, is not yet fully established. Establishing such understanding is the aim of our current work. A spherical droplet (on the right), decorated by 12 self-positioned guest molecules’ patches. On the left: self-faceting of such droplets. Publications 2021 and 2022 · Pilkhaz M Nanikashvili, Alexander V Butenko, Moshe Deutsch, Daeyeon Lee, Eli Sloutskin. “Salt-induced stability and modified interfacial energetics in selffaceting emulsion droplets”. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2022. · Subhomoy Das, Alexander V Butenko, Yitzhak Mastai, Moshe Deutsch, Eli Sloutskin. “Topology-driven surface patterning of liquid spheres”. Nature Physics, 2022.
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