98 on investigating the quantum behavior of nano-size superconducting single loops and networks. For example, we demonstrated current-induced SQUID behavior of superconducting Nb nanoloops without Josephson junctions, and associated this phenomenon with the flux-induced non-uniformity of the order parameter along the superconducting nano-ring. In another study, we discovered current-induced crossover between two distinct quantum coherence effects. At low bias currents, Cooper-pairs coherence is manifested by Little-Parks oscillations with flux periodicity of hc/2e. At high bias currents, magnetoresistance oscillations with flux period of hc/e were observed and interpreted as Aharonov-Bohm oscillations, reflecting phase coherence of individual quasi-particles. We also found that exposing a grid of superconducting rings to a magnetic field results in an “invasion” of quantum of magnetic flux to certain rings in the network in a specific structure that depends on the field intensity. The different configurations of flux population may be important in memory devices that can be based on superconducting materials. In addition, magnetoresistance measurements in nano-loops made of high-temperature superconductors revealed oscillations with amplitude much larger than expected from the Little-Parks effect, indicating a different mechanism underlying these oscillations. We identified this mechanism as the interaction between thermally excited moving vortices and the oscillating persistent current induced in the loops. Our studies shed light on the different mechanisms underlying the novel phenomena exhibited by superconducting nano-loops and networks. Understanding the physics behind these phenomena may lead to the development of new concepts in the growing research area aiming at exploiting superconductors in nanocircuits. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a single ring with current and voltage leads. The ring (radius 250 nm, rim width 57 nm) was fabricated on a 5 nm NbN film. Publications 2021 and 2022 • Lior Shani, Avital Fried, Yafit Fleger, Olga Girshevitz, Amos Sharoni and Yosef Yeshurun”. Effect of Focused Ion Beam Irradiation on Superconducting Nanowires”. Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 2022. • Ilan Hakimi, Naor Vardi, Amos Sharoni, Michael Rosenbluh and Yosef Yeshurun. “Enhancement of photon detection in superconducting nanostructure single photon detector exposed to oscillating magnetic field”. Applied Physics Letters, 118, 232603. 2021. • Lior Shani, Philip Tinnefeld, Yafit Fleger, Amos Sharoni, Boris Ya.Shapiro, Avner Shaulov, Oleg Gang, and Yosef Yeshurun “DNA origami based superconducting nanowires”. AIP Advances 11, 015130, 2021. Dr. Yissachar Nissan The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Member of BINA Medicine Center Research Areas Host-Microbiome Interactions in Health and Disease Abstract Host-Microbiome Interactions in Health and Disease We study the cellular, molecular and genetic mechanisms that facilitate proper communications between the gut microbiota and the intestinal epithelial, immunological and neuronal systems. We aim to understand how these intercellular communication networks control immunological decision-making processes, manage local and systemic inflammation or facilitate immunological tolerance. Our efforts are devoted to developing a microbiome-based, personalized therapy for human autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases, as well as for boosting cancer therapy. For these purposes, microscopy, next-generation genomics and molecular biology methods are used in combination with a unique gut organ culture system that we developed (Yissachar et al., Cell, 2017). This 3D system led us to discover some unexpected roles for enteric neurons in mediating microbiota-induced effector and regulatory T-cells development (Yissachar et al., Cell, 2017; Duscha et al., Cell, 2020). Schematics of the 3D gut culture system. Intact intestinal tissue is connected to input and output ports of the chamber (top), pumps controlling medium flow inside the lumen and in the external medium chamber. The entire device (bottom) contains six such chambers. Publications 2021 and 2022 · Hannah Partney, Nissan Yissachar. “Regulation of host immunity by the gut microbiota”. Evolution, Biodiversity and a Reassessment of the Hygiene Hypothesis, 105-140, 2022. · Romina Monzani, Mara Gagliardi, Nausicaa Clemente, Valentina Saverio, Elżbieta Pańczyszyn, Nissan Yissachar, Marco Corazzari. “The Gut-Ex-vivo System (GEVS) Is a Dynamic and Versatile Tool for the Study of Dnbs-Induced IBDin BALB/c and C57BL/6 Mice”. Preprints, 2022. · Mara Gagliardi, Romina Monzani, Nausicaa Clemente, Luca Fusaro, Valentina Saverio, Giovanna Grieco, Elżbieta Pańczyszyn, Nissan Yissachar, Francesca Boccafoschi, Marco Corazzari. “A Gut-Ex-Vivo System to Study Gut Inflammation Associated to Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)”. Biology, 2021. · Shalhevet Azriel, Hadar Bootz, Alon Shemesh, Sivan Amidror, Nissan Yissachar. “An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing HostMicrobiota Interactions”. Journal of Visualized Experiments: Jove, 2021. · Mara Gagliardi, Nausicaa Clemente, Romina Monzani, Luca Fusaro, Eleonora Ferrari, Valentina Saverio, Giovanna Grieco, Elżbieta Pańczyszyn, Flavia Carton, Claudio Santoro, Sara Del Mare-Roumani, Sivan Amidror, Nissan Yissachar, Francesca Boccafoschi, Silvia Zucchelli, Marco Corazzari. “Gut-Ex-Vivo system as a model to study gluten response in celiac disease”. Cell death discovery, 2021.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy NDU2MA==