95 Prof. Yeshurun Yosef Department of Physics ex-Rector Member of BINA Nano-Electro Magnetism & Spintronics Center Nano-Energy Center Research Areas • Condensed matter physics • Magnetism • Superconductivity Abstract Superconductivity in nano-structures Understanding superconductivity in the nano-scale is of both fundamental interest and practical importance. The fundamental interest aims at understanding many novel phenomena manifested by nano-scale superconductors and not seen in the bulk. The practical importance stems from the potential of nano-superconducting structures to be used in innovative devices and systems including quantum computers. During the last decade we concentrated on investigating the quantum behavior of nano-size superconducting single loops and networks. For example, we demonstrated current-induced SQUID behavior of superconducting Nb nanoloops without Josephson junctions, and associated this phenomenon with the flux-induced non-uniformity of the order parameter along the superconducting nano-ring. In another study, we discovered current-induced crossover between two distinct quantum coherence effects. At low bias currents, Cooper-pairs coherence is manifested by Little-Parks oscillations with flux periodicity of hc/2e. At high bias currents, magnetoresistance oscillations with flux period of hc/e were observed and interpreted as Aharonov-Bohm oscillations, reflecting phase coherence of individual quasi-particles. We also found that exposing a grid of superconducting rings to a magnetic field results in an “invasion” of quantum of magnetic flux to certain rings in the network in a specific structure that depends on the field intensity. The different configurations of flux population may be important in memory devices that can be based on superconducting materials. In addition, magnetoresistance measurements in nano-loops made of high-temperature superconductors revealed oscillations with amplitude much larger than expected from the Little-Parks effect, indicating a different mechanism underlying these oscillations. We identified this mechanism as the interaction between thermally excited moving vortices and the oscillating persistent current induced in the loops. Our studies shed light on the different mechanisms underlying the novel phenomena exhibited by superconducting nano-loops and networks. Understanding the physics behind these phenomena may lead to the development of new concepts in the growing research area aiming at exploiting superconductors in nanocircuits. Optical picture of the fabricated MKID. The YBCO and NbN MKIDs have similar dimensions. (Supercon-ducting material in white, substrate in black). Publications 2022 and 2023 • M Wasserman, A Shaulov, A Sharoni, Y Yeshurun. “Dendritic flux avalanches in superconducting hybrid structures”. Superconductor Science and Technology, 2023. • Yosi Yeshurun. “K. Alex Müller–Memories from a great scientist”. Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications, 2023. • Y Nikulshin, A Kafri, Y Yeshurun, S Wolfus. “Energy Storing and Fault Current Limiting in a Unified Superconducting Magnetic Device”. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2023. • A Roitman, A Shaulov, Y Yeshurun. “Effect of magnetic fields on superconducting microwave coplanar resonators”. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2023. • Zoharchen Sofer, Avner Shaulov, Yosef Yeshurun. “Current dependence of the negative magnetoresistance in superconducting NbN nanowires”. Scientific Reports, 2022. • Ariel Roitman, A Shaulov, Y Yeshurun. “Characterization of YBa2Cu3O7− δ coplanar resonator for microwave kinetic inductance detectors”. Superconductor Science and Technology, 2022. • Lior Shani, Avital Fried, Yafit Fleger, Olga Girshevitz, Amos Sharoni and Yosef Yeshurun. “Effect of Focused Ion Beam Irradiation on Superconducting Nanowires”. Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 2022. Dr. Yissachar Nissan The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Member of BINA Nano-Biomedicine Center Research Areas Host-Microbiome Interactions in Health and Disease Abstract Host-Microbiome Interactions in Health and Disease We study the cellular, molecular and genetic mechanisms that facilitate proper communications between the gut microbiota and the intestinal epithelial, immunological and neuronal systems. We Pazit Polak, Andrew M Collins, Gur Yaari. “T cell receptor beta germline variability is revealed by inference from repertoire data”. Genome medicine, 2022. • Amit Gilboa, Ronen Hope, Shira Ben Simon, Pazit Polak, Omry Koren, Gur Yaari. “Ontogeny of the B Cell Receptor Repertoire and Microbiome in Mice”. The Journal of Immunology, 2022. • Roei D Mazor, Nachum Nathan,Amit Gilboa, Liat Stoler-Barak, Lihee Moss, Inna Solomonov, Assaf Hanuna, Yalin Divinsky, Merav D Shmueli, Hadas Hezroni, Irina Zaretsky, Michael Mor, Ofra Golani, Gad Sabah, Ariella Jakobson-Setton, Natalia Yanichkin, Meora Feinmesser, Daliah Tsoref, Lina Salman, Effi Yeoshoua, Eyal Peretz, Inna Erlich, Netta Mendelson Cohen, Jonathan M Gershoni, Natalia Freund, Yifat Merbl, Gur Yaari, Ram Eitan, Irit Sagi, Ziv Shulman. “Tumor-reactive antibodies evolve from non-binding and autoreactive precursors”. Cell, 2022.
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