Trypanosomes are single-cell parasites that cause major diseases, such as sleeping sickness and Rose of Jericho, which affect millions of people. These parasites are transmitted to mammals by the blood-sucking tsetse fly. The parasite's stopover in the insect-host consists of two stages. They live in the insect's gut for two to three weeks and then migrate to the saliva glands. When the fly eats its next meal, the parasites are transferred via saliva to the prey, infecting its bloodstream.

Research studies show that with greater female representation in management, a company’s profits are higher. However, despite legislative and regulatory changes in the State of Israel, the proportion of women on boards of directors stands at only 16%, women account for 22% of management of public companies in Israel, and studies predict that the gap will not close for decades. Does this data depend only on women?

Dr. Keren Agay-Shay, an environmental epidemiologist who heads the Health and Environment Laboratory at Bar-Ilan’s Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, and her colleagues, used medical records, information from the Central Bureau of Statistics, and air pollution data to calculate the extent to which air pollution caused by emissions from factories and transportation increases mortality and morbidity.